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Elements: Their Symbols, Common Molecules & Molecular Models
| Ca Calcium | Al Aluminium | CH4 Methane Gas |
| P Phosphorous | H Hydrogen | SO2 Sulphur Dioxide |
| N Nitrogen | Si Silicon | O3 Ozone |
| K Potassium | Ni Nickel | N2 Nitrogen Gas |
| S Sulphur | Hg Mercury | NH3 Ammonia (anhydrous) |
| Cu Copper | Pb Lead | NH4 Ammonium Ion |
| Mo Molybdenum | As Arsenic | NO2 Nitrate Ion |
| Mn Manganese | Cd Cadmium | NO3 Nitrate Ion |
| Zn Zinc | H2O Water | P2O5 Phosphate Compound |
| Se Selenium | CO2 Carbon Dioxide | PO4 Phosphate Ion |
| Mg Magnesium | H2O2 Hydrogen Peroxide | SO4 Sulfate Ion |
Ion: charged element or compound
Anion: negatively charged ion, NO3-, SO4=, CI-, PO4=
Cation: positively charged ion, NH4+, Ca++, Mg++, K+, Na+
Electron: negative charged particle, like the “planets” of the atom
Atom: basic unit mass, smallest unit of an element, think “solar system” in miniature with the nucleus being the sun and the planets being the electrons
Molecule: smallest unit of a substance having all the characteristics of that substance
Compound: two or more atoms linked together
Element: atom categorized by its atomic number, Ca 20, H 1, N 7, O 8
Isotape: element with a different weight but same atomic number
Chelate: compound that effectively engulfs an element and allows it to be transported where alone it would not so easily, like a chaperone
Catalyst: something that stimulates or initiates a reaction without becoming a part of the result, like the minister in a wedding ceremony
Colloid: very fine suspended liquid or solid particles with high ration of surface area to volume with extremely slow rate of sedimentation
PH: negative log of the hydrogen ion concentration, it is a ration of acids and bases in a solution not a measurement of how much lime or calcium needed on a field
Specific Gravity: weight/volume of a substance compared to a standard of the same volume, many times water is set as the standard at 1.
Density: weight/volume
Solution: complete dissolution of two substances in liquid resulting is a clear liquid
Suspension: particles of a substance floating undissolved in a liquid
Organic: containing carbon, in slang terms meaning grown without certain unapproved fertilizers and materials
Inorganic: without carbon, mineral
Periodic Table: listing and categorisation of the known elements by atomic number meaning the number of protons in the nucleus and electrons in the orbit when neutral.